RFC1884 日本語訳
1884 IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture. R. Hinden, S. Deering,Eds.. December 1995. (Format: TXT=37860 bytes) (Obsoleted by RFC2373) (Status: HISTORIC)
プログラムでの自動翻訳です。
RFC一覧
英語原文
Network Working Group R. Hinden, Ipsilon Networks
Request for Comments: 1884 S. Deering, Xerox PARC
Category: Standards Track Editors
December 1995
IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture
Status of this Memo
This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Abstract
This specification defines the addressing architecture of the IP Version 6 protocol [IPV6]. The document includes the IPv6 addressing model, text representations of IPv6 addresses, definition of IPv6 unicast addresses, anycast addresses, and multicast addresses, and an IPv6 nodes required addresses.
Hinden & Deering Standards Track [Page 1] RFC 1884 IPv6 Addressing Architecture December 1995
Table of Contents
1. Introduction................................................3
2. IPv6 Addressing.............................................3
2.1 Addressing Model........................................4
2.2 Text Representation of Addresses........................4
2.3 Address Type Representation.............................5
2.4 Unicast Addresses.......................................7
2.4.1 Unicast Address Example.............................8
2.4.2 The Unspecified Address.............................9
2.4.3 The Loopback Address................................9
2.4.4 IPv6 Addresses with Embedded IPv4 Addresses.........9
2.4.5 NSAP Addresses......................................10
2.4.6 IPX Addresses.......................................10
2.4.7 Provider-Based Global Unicast Addresses.............10
2.4.8 Local-use IPv6 Unicast Addresses....................11
2.5 Anycast Addresses.......................................12
2.5.1 Required Anycast Address............................13
2.6 Multicast Addresses.....................................14
2.6.1 Pre-Defined Multicast Addresses.....................15
2.7 A Node's Required Addresses.............................17
REFERENCES.....................................................18
SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS........................................18
DOCUMENT EDITOR'S ADDRESSES....................................18
Hinden & Deering Standards Track [Page 2] RFC 1884 IPv6 Addressing Architecture December 1995
1.0 INTRODUCTION
This specification defines the addressing architecture of the IP Version 6 protocol. It includes a detailed description of the currently defined address formats for IPv6 [IPV6].
The editors would like to acknowledge the contributions of Paul Francis, Jim Bound, Brian Carpenter, Deborah Estrin, Peter Ford, Bob Gilligan, Christian Huitema, Tony Li, Greg Minshall, Erik Nordmark, Yakov Rekhter, Bill Simpson, and Sue Thomson.
2.0 IPv6 ADDRESSING
IPv6 addresses are 128-bit identifiers for interfaces and sets of interfaces. There are three types of addresses:
Unicast: An identifier for a single interface. A packet sent
to a unicast address is delivered to the interface
identified by that address.
Anycast: An identifier for a set of interfaces (typically
belonging to different nodes). A packet sent to an
anycast address is delivered to one of the interfaces
identified by that address (the "nearest" one,
according to the routing protocols' measure of
distance).
Multicast: An identifier for a set of interfaces (typically
belonging to different nodes). A packet sent to a
multicast address is delivered to all interfaces
identified by that address.
There are no broadcast addresses in IPv6, their function being superseded by multicast addresses.
In this document, fields in addresses are given a specific name, for example "subscriber". When this name is used with the term "ID" for identifier after the name (e.g., "subscriber ID"), it refers to the contents of the named field. When it is used with the term "prefix" (e.g., "subscriber prefix") it refers to all of the address up to and including this field.
In IPv6, all zeros and all ones are legal values for any field, unless specifically excluded. Specifically, prefixes may contain zero-valued fields or end in zeros.
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2.1 Addressing Model
IPv6 Addresses of all types are assigned to interfaces, not nodes. Since each interface belongs to a single node, any of that node's interfaces' unicast addresses may be used as an identifier for the node.
An IPv6 unicast address refers to a single interface. A single interface may be assigned multiple IPv6 addresses of any type (unicast, anycast, and multicast). There are two exceptions to this model. These are:
1) A single address may be assigned to multiple physical interfaces
if the implementation treats the multiple physical interfaces as
one interface when presenting it to the internet layer. This is
useful for load-sharing over multiple physical interfaces.
2) Routers may have unnumbered interfaces (i.e., no IPv6 address
assigned to the interface) on point-to-point links to eliminate
the necessity to manually configure and advertise the addresses.
Addresses are not needed for point-to-point interfaces on
routers if those interfaces are not to be used as the origins or
destinations of any IPv6 datagrams.
IPv6 continues the IPv4 model that a subnet is associated with one link. Multiple subnets may be assigned to the same link.
2.2 Text Representation of Addresses
There are three conventional forms for representing IPv6 addresses as text strings:
1. The preferred form is x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x, where the 'x's are the
hexadecimal values of the eight 16-bit pieces of the address.
Examples:
FEDC:BA98:7654:3210:FEDC:BA98:7654:3210
1080:0:0:0:8:800:200C:417A
Note that it is not necessary to write the leading zeros in an
individual field, but there must be at least one numeral in
every field (except for the case described in 2.).
2. Due to the method of allocating certain styles of IPv6
addresses, it will be common for addresses to contain long
strings of zero bits. In order to make writing addresses
Hinden & Deering Standards Track [Page 4] RFC 1884 IPv6 Addressing Architecture December 1995
containing zero bits easier a special syntax is available to
compress the zeros. The use of "::" indicates multiple groups
of 16-bits of zeros. The "::" can only appear once in an
address. The "::" can also be used to compress the leading
and/or trailing zeros in an address.
For example the following addresses:
1080:0:0:0:8:800:200C:417A a unicast address
FF01:0:0:0:0:0:0:43 a multicast address
0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 the loopback address
0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 the unspecified addresses
may be represented as:
1080::8:800:200C:417A a unicast address
FF01::43 a multicast address
::1 the loopback address
:: the unspecified addresses
3. An alternative form that is sometimes more convenient when
dealing with a mixed environment of IPv4 and IPv6 nodes is
x:x:x:x:x:x:d.d.d.d, where the 'x's are the hexadecimal values
of the six high-order 16-bit pieces of the address, and the 'd's
are the decimal values of the four low-order 8-bit pieces of the
address (standard IPv4 representation). Examples:
0:0:0:0:0:0:13.1.68.3
0:0:0:0:0:FFFF:129.144.52.38
or in compressed form:
::13.1.68.3
::FFFF:129.144.52.38
2.3 Address Type Representation
The specific type of an IPv6 address is indicated by the leading bits in the address. The variable-length field comprising these leading bits is called the Format Prefix (FP). The initial allocation of these prefixes is as follows:
Hinden & Deering Standards Track [Page 5] RFC 1884 IPv6 Addressing Architecture December 1995
Allocation Prefix Fraction of
(binary) Address Space
------------------------------- -------- -------------
Reserved 0000 0000 1/256
Unassigned 0000 0001 1/256
Reserved for NSAP Allocation 0000 001 1/128
Reserved for IPX Allocation 0000 010 1/128
Unassigned 0000 011 1/128
Unassigned 0000 1 1/32
Unassigned 0001 1/16
Unassigned 001 1/8
Provider-Based Unicast Address 010 1/8
Unassigned 011 1/8
Reserved for Geographic-
Based Unicast Addresses 100 1/8
Unassigned 101 1/8
Unassigned 110 1/8
Unassigned 1110 1/16
Unassigned 1111 0 1/32
Unassigned 1111 10 1/64
Unassigned 1111 110 1/128
Unassigned 1111 1110 0 1/512
Link Local Use Addresses 1111 1110 10 1/1024
Site Local Use Addresses 1111 1110 11 1/1024
Multicast Addresses 1111 1111 1/256
Note: The "unspecified address" (see section 2.4.2), the
loopback address (see section 2.4.3), and the IPv6 Addresses
with Embedded IPv4 Addresses (see section 2.4.4), are assigned
out of the 0000 0000 format prefix space.
This allocation supports the direct allocation of provider addresses, local use addresses, and multicast addresses. Space is reserved for NSAP addresses, IPX addresses, and geographic addresses. The remainder of the address space is unassigned for future use. This can be used for expansion of existing use (e.g., additional provider addresses, etc.) or new uses (e.g., separate locators and identifiers). Fifteen percent of the address space is initially
Hinden & Deering Standards Track [Page 6] RFC 1884 IPv6 Addressing Architecture December 1995
allocated. The remaining 85% is reserved for future use.
Unicast addresses are distinguished from multicast addresses by the value of the high-order octet of the addresses: a value of FF (11111111) identifies an address as a multicast address; any other value identifies an address as a unicast address. Anycast addresses are taken from the unicast address space, and are not syntactically distinguishable from unicast addresses.
2.4 Unicast Addresses
The IPv6 unicast address is contiguous bit-wise maskable, similar to IPv4 addresses under Class-less Interdomain Routing [CIDR].
There are several forms of unicast address assignment in IPv6, including the global provider based unicast address, the geographic based unicast address, the NSAP address, the IPX hierarchical address, the site-local-use address, the link-local-use address, and the IPv4-capable host address. Additional address types can be defined in the future.
IPv6 nodes may have considerable or little knowledge of the internal structure of the IPv6 address, depending on the role the node plays (for instance, host versus router). At a minimum, a node may consider that unicast addresses (including its own) have no internal structure:
| 128 bits |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| node address |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
A slightly sophisticated host (but still rather simple) may additionally be aware of subnet prefix(es) for the link(s) it is attached to, where different addresses may have different values for n:
| n bits | 128-n bits |
+------------------------------------------------+----------------+
| subnet prefix | interface ID |
+------------------------------------------------+----------------+
Still more sophisticated hosts may be aware of other hierarchical boundaries in the unicast address. Though a very simple router may have no knowledge of the internal structure of IPv6 unicast
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addresses, routers will more generally have knowledge of one or more of the hierarchical boundaries for the operation of routing protocols. The known boundaries will differ from router to router, depending on what positions the router holds in the routing hierarchy.
2.4.1 Unicast Address Examples
An example of a Unicast address format which will likely be common on LANs and other environments where IEEE 802 MAC addresses are available is:
| n bits | 80-n bits | 48 bits |
+--------------------------------+-----------+--------------------+
| subscriber prefix | subnet ID | interface ID |
+--------------------------------+-----------+--------------------+
Where the 48-bit Interface ID is an IEEE-802 MAC address. The use of IEEE 802 MAC addresses as a interface ID is expected to be very common in environments where nodes have an IEEE 802 MAC address. In other environments, where IEEE 802 MAC addresses are not available, other types of link layer addresses can be used, such as E.164 addresses, for the interface ID.
The inclusion of a unique global interface identifier, such as an IEEE MAC address, makes possible a very simple form of auto- configuration of addresses. A node may discover a subnet ID by listening to Router Advertisement messages sent by a router on its attached link(s), and then fabricating an IPv6 address for itself by using its IEEE MAC address as the interface ID on that subnet.
Another unicast address format example is where a site or organization requires additional layers of internal hierarchy. In this example the subnet ID is divided into an area ID and a subnet ID. Its format is:
| s bits | n bits | m bits | 128-s-n-m bits |
+----------------------+---------+--------------+-----------------+
| subscriber prefix | area ID | subnet ID | interface ID |
+----------------------+---------+--------------+-----------------+
This technique can be continued to allow a site or organization to add additional layers of internal hierarchy. It may be desirable to use an interface ID smaller than a 48-bit IEEE 802 MAC address to allow more space for the additional layers of internal hierarchy. These could be interface IDs which are administratively created by
Hinden & Deering Standards Track [Page 8] RFC 1884 IPv6 Addressing Architecture December 1995
the site or organization.
2.4.2 The Unspecified Address
The address 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 is called the unspecified address. It must never be assigned to any node. It indicates the absence of an address. One example of its use is in the Source Address field of any IPv6 datagrams sent by an initializing host before it has learned its own address.
The unspecified address must not be used as the destination address of IPv6 datagrams or in IPv6 Routing Headers.
2.4.3 The Loopback Address
The unicast address 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 is called the loopback address. It may be used by a node to send an IPv6 datagram to itself. It may never be assigned to any interface.
The loopback address must not be used as the source address in IPv6 datagrams that are sent outside of a single node. An IPv6 datagram with a destination address of loopback must never be sent outside of a single node.
2.4.4 IPv6 Addresses with Embedded IPv4 Addresses
The IPv6 transition mechanisms include a technique for hosts and routers to dynamically tunnel IPv6 packets over IPv4 routing infrastructure. IPv6 nodes that utilize this technique are assigned special IPv6 unicast addresses that carry an IPv4 address in the low-order 32-bits. This type of address is termed an "IPv4- compatible IPv6 address" and has the format:
| 80 bits | 16 | 32 bits |
+--------------------------------------+--------------------------+
|0000..............................0000|0000| IPv4 address |
+--------------------------------------+----+---------------------+
A second type of IPv6 address which holds an embedded IPv4 address is also defined. This address is used to represent the addresses of IPv4-only nodes (those that *do not* support IPv6) as IPv6 addresses. This type of address is termed an "IPv4-mapped IPv6 address" and has the format:
Hinden & Deering Standards Track [Page 9] RFC 1884 IPv6 Addressing Architecture December 1995
| 80 bits | 16 | 32 bits |
+--------------------------------------+--------------------------+
|0000..............................0000|FFFF| IPv4 address |
+--------------------------------------+----+---------------------+
2.4.5 NSAP Addresses
This mapping of NSAP address into IPv6 addresses is as follows:
| 7 | 121 bits |
+-------+---------------------------------------------------------+
|0000001| to be defined |
+-------+---------------------------------------------------------+
The draft definition, motivation, and usage are under study [NSAP].
2.4.6 IPX Addresses
This mapping of IPX address into IPv6 addresses is as follows:
| 7 | 121 bits |
+-------+---------------------------------------------------------+
|0000010| to be defined |
+-------+---------------------------------------------------------+
The draft definition, motivation, and usage are under study.
2.4.7 Provider-Based Global Unicast Addresses
The global provider-based unicast address is assigned as described in [ALLOC]. This initial assignment plan for these unicast addresses is similar to assignment of IPv4 addresses under the CIDR scheme [CIDR]. The IPv6 global provider-based unicast address format is as follows:
| 3 | n bits | m bits | o bits | 125-n-m-o bits |
+---+-----------+-----------+-------------+--------------------+
|010|registry ID|provider ID|subscriber ID| intra-subscriber |
+---+-----------+-----------+-------------+--------------------+
Hinden & Deering Standards Track [Page 10] RFC 1884 IPv6 Addressing Architecture December 1995
The high-order part of the address is assigned to registries, who then assign portions of the address space to providers, who then assign portions of the address space to subscribers, etc.
The registry ID identifies the registry which assigns the provider portion of the address. The term "registry prefix" refers to the high-order part of the address up to and including the registry ID.
The provider ID identifies a specific provider which assigns the subscriber portion of the address. The term "provider prefix" refers to the high-order part of the address up to and including the provider ID.
The subscriber ID distinguishes among multiple subscribers attached to the provider identified by the provider ID. The term "subscriber prefix" refers to the high-order part of the address up to and including the subscriber ID.
The intra-subscriber portion of the address is defined by an individual subscriber and is organized according to the subscribers local internet topology. It is likely that many subscribers will choose to divide the intra-subscriber portion of the address into a subnet ID and an interface ID. In this case the subnet ID identifies a specific physical link and the interface ID identifies a single interface on that subnet.
2.4.8 Local-use IPv6 Unicast Addresses
There are two types of local-use unicast addresses defined. These are Link-Local and Site-Local. The Link-Local is for use on a single link and the Site-Local is for use in a single site. Link-Local addresses have the following format:
| 10 |
| bits | n bits | 118-n bits |
+----------+-------------------------+----------------------------+
|1111111010| 0 | interface ID |
+----------+-------------------------+----------------------------+
Link-Local addresses are designed to be used for addressing on a single link for purposes such as auto-address configuration, neighbor discovery, or when no routers are present.
Routers MUST not forward any packets with link-local source addresses.
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Site-Local addresses have the following format:
| 10 |
| bits | n bits | m bits | 118-n-m bits |
+----------+---------+---------------+----------------------------+
|1111111011| 0 | subnet ID | interface ID |
+----------+---------+---------------+----------------------------+
Site-Local addresses may be used for sites or organizations that are not (yet) connected to the global Internet. They do not need to request or "steal" an address prefix from the global Internet address space. IPv6 site-local addresses can be used instead. When the organization connects to the global Internet, it can then form global addresses by replacing the site-local prefix with a subscriber prefix.
Routers MUST not forward any packets with site-local source addresses outside of the site.
2.5 Anycast Addresses
An IPv6 anycast address is an address that is assigned to more than one interface (typically belonging to different nodes), with the property that a packet sent to an anycast address is routed to the "nearest" interface having that address, according to the routing protocols' measure of distance.
Anycast addresses are allocated from the unicast address space, using any of the defined unicast address formats. Thus, anycast addresses are syntactically indistinguishable from unicast addresses. When a unicast address is assigned to more than one interface, thus turning it into an anycast address, the nodes to which the address is assigned must be explicitly configured to know that it is an anycast address.
定義されたユニキャストアドレス形式のどれかを使用して、ユニキャストアドレス空間からAnycastアドレスを割り当てます。 したがって、anycastアドレスはユニキャストアドレスからシンタクス上区別がつきません。 ユニキャストアドレスが1つ以上のインタフェースに割り当てられて、その結果、それをanycastアドレスに変えるとき、それがanycastアドレスであることを知るために、明らかに、アドレスが割り当てられるノードを構成しなければなりません。
For any assigned anycast address, there is a longest address prefix P that identifies the topological region in which all interfaces belonging to that anycast address reside. Within the region identified by P, each member of the anycast set must be advertised as a separate entry in the routing system (commonly referred to as a "host route"); outside the region identified by P, the anycast address may be aggregated into the routing advertisement for prefix P.
どんな割り当てられたanycastアドレスのためにも、そのanycastアドレスに属すすべてのインタフェースが住んでいる位相的な領域を特定する最も長いアドレス接頭語Pがあります。 Pによって特定された領域の中では、ルーティングシステム(一般的に「ホストルート」と呼ばれる)における別々のエントリーとしてanycastセットの各メンバーの広告を出さなければなりません。 Pによって特定された領域の外では、anycastアドレスは接頭語Pのためにルーティング広告に集められるかもしれません。
Note that in, the worst case, the prefix P of an anycast set may be the null prefix, i.e., the members of the set may have no topological locality. In that case, the anycast address must be advertised as a
そんなに中の注意、最悪の場合、1つのanycastセットの接頭語Pがヌル接頭語であるかもしれない、すなわち、セットのメンバーには、どんな位相的な場所もないかもしれません。 その場合、aとしてanycastアドレスの広告を出さなければなりません。
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separate routing entry throughout the entire internet, which presents a severe scaling limit on how many such "global" anycast sets may be supported. Therefore, it is expected that support for global anycast sets may be unavailable or very restricted.
全体のインターネット中でルーティングエントリーを切り離してください。そのような「グローバルな」anycastセットがいくつに支えられるかもしれないかに関してインターネットは厳しいスケーリング限界を提示します。 したがって、グローバルなanycastセットのサポートが入手できないか非常に制限されているかもしれないと予想されます。
One expected use of anycast addresses is to identify the set of routers belonging to an internet service provider. Such addresses could be used as intermediate addresses in an IPv6 Routing header, to cause a packet to be delivered via a particular provider or sequence of providers. Some other possible uses are to identify the set of routers attached to a particular subnet, or the set of routers providing entry into a particular routing domain.
あるものは、anycastアドレスの使用がインターネットサービスプロバイダーに属すルータのセットを特定することであると予想しました。 パケットがプロバイダーの特定のプロバイダーか系列で提供されることを引き起こすのに中間的アドレスとしてIPv6ルート設定ヘッダーでそのようなアドレスを使用できました。 ある他の可能な用途は特定のサブネットに付けられたルータのセット、または特定の経路ドメインにエントリーを提供するルータのセットを特定することです。
There is little experience with widespread, arbitrary use of internet anycast addresses, and some known complications and hazards when using them in their full generality [ANYCST]. Until more experience has been gained and solutions agreed upon for those problems, the following restrictions are imposed on IPv6 anycast addresses:
それらの完全な一般性[ANYCST]にそれらを使用するときのいくつかの知られているインターネットanycastアドレスの広範囲の、そして、任意の使用、複雑さ、および危険には経験がほとんどありません。 それらの問題で同意されたソリューションであり以下の制限は、より多くの経験をするまでIPv6 anycastアドレスに課されます:
o An anycast address MUST NOT be used as the source address of an
IPv6 packet.
o IPv6パケットのソースアドレスとしてanycastアドレスを使用してはいけません。
o An anycast address MUST NOT be assigned to an IPv6 host, that
is, it may be assigned to an IPv6 router only.
o anycastアドレスをIPv6ホストに割り当ててはいけません、すなわち、それはIPv6ルータだけに割り当てられるかもしれません。
2.5.1 Required Anycast Address
2.5.1 必要なAnycastアドレス
The Subnet-Router anycast address is predefined. It's format is as follows:
Subnet-ルータanycastアドレスは事前に定義されます。 形式は以下の通りということです:
| n bits | 128-n bits |
+------------------------------------------------+----------------+
| subnet prefix | 00000000000000 |
+------------------------------------------------+----------------+
| nビット| 128-nビット| +------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | サブネット接頭語| 00000000000000 | +------------------------------------------------+----------------+
The "subnet prefix" in an anycast address is the prefix which identifies a specific link. This anycast address is syntactically the same as a unicast address for an interface on the link with the interface identifier set to zero.
anycastアドレスの「サブネット接頭語」は特定のリンクを特定する接頭語です。 このanycastアドレスは、ゼロに合わせるためにインタフェース識別子とのリンクの上のインタフェースへのユニキャストアドレスがセットしたのとシンタクス上同じです。
Packets sent to the Subnet-Router anycast address will be delivered to one router on the subnet. All routers are required to support the Subnet-Router anycast addresses for the subnets which they have interfaces.
Subnet-ルータanycastアドレスに送られたパケットはサブネットで1つのルータに提供されるでしょう。 すべてのルータが、anycastがそれらが持っているサブネットのために扱うSubnet-ルータにインタフェースをサポートするのに必要です。
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The subnet-router anycast address is intended to be used for applications where a node needs to communicate with one of a set of routers on a remote subnet. For example when a mobile host needs to communicate with one of the mobile agents on it's "home" subnet.
ノードがリモートサブネットで1セットのルータの1つとコミュニケートする必要があるアプリケーションにサブネットルータanycastアドレスが使用されることを意図します。 例えば、モバイルホストが、モバイルエージェントのひとりとコミュニケートする必要があるとき、それに、サブネットが「家に」あります。
2.6 Multicast Addresses
2.6 マルチキャストアドレス
An IPv6 multicast address is an identifier for a group of nodes. A node may belong to any number of multicast groups. Multicast addresses have the following format:
IPv6マルチキャストアドレスはノードのグループのための識別子です。 ノードはいろいろなマルチキャストグループのもの、かもしれません。 マルチキャストアドレスには、以下の形式があります:
| 8 | 4 | 4 | 112 bits |
+------ -+----+----+---------------------------------------------+
|11111111|flgs|scop| group ID |
+--------+----+----+---------------------------------------------+
| 8 | 4 | 4 | 112ビット| +------ -+----+----+---------------------------------------------+ |11111111|flgs|scop| グループID| +--------+----+----+---------------------------------------------+
11111111 at the start of the address identifies the address as
being a multicast address.
11111111 アドレスの始めでは、マルチキャストアドレスであるとしてアドレスを特定します。
+-+-+-+-+
flgs is a set of 4 flags: |0|0|0|T|
+-+-+-+-+
+++++flgsは4個の旗のセットです: |0|0|0|T| +-+-+-+-+
The high-order 3 flags are reserved, and must be
initialized to 0.
高位3個の旗を予約されていて、0に初期化しなければなりません。
T = 0 indicates a permanently-assigned ("well-known")
multicast address, assigned by the global internet
numbering authority.
T=0はグローバルなインターネット付番権威によって割り当てられた永久に割り当てられた(「よく知られる」)マルチキャストアドレスを示します。
T = 1 indicates a non-permanently-assigned ("transient")
multicast address.
T=1は非永久に割り当てられた(「一時的な」)マルチキャストアドレスを示します。
scop is a 4-bit multicast scope value used to limit the scope of
the multicast group. The values are:
scopはマルチキャストグループの範囲を制限するのに使用される4ビットのマルチキャスト範囲価値です。 値は以下の通りです。
0 reserved
1 node-local scope
2 link-local scope
3 (unassigned)
4 (unassigned)
5 site-local scope
6 (unassigned)
7 (unassigned)
8 organization-local scope
9 (unassigned)
A (unassigned)
0は1ノード地方の範囲2のリンク地方の範囲3(割り当てられません)4(割り当てられない)5サイトローカルのために範囲6の(割り当てられません)7の(割り当てられません)8の組織地方の範囲9(割り当てられません)Aを予約しました。(割り当てられません)
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B (unassigned)
C (unassigned)
D (unassigned)
E global scope
F reserved
Fが予約したB(割り当てられない)C(割り当てられない)D(割り当てられない)Eグローバルな範囲
group ID identifies the multicast group, either permanent or
transient, within the given scope.
グループIDは与えられた範囲の中で永久的であるか一時的なマルチキャストグループを特定します。
The "meaning" of a permanently-assigned multicast address is independent of the scope value. For example, if the "NTP servers group" is assigned a permanent multicast address with a group ID of 43 (hex), then:
永久に割り当てられたマルチキャストアドレスの「意味」は範囲価値から独立しています。 例えば、永久的なマルチキャストが「NTPサーバグループ」に割り当てられるなら、グループと共に43(魔法をかける)のIDを扱ってください、そして:
FF01:0:0:0:0:0:0:43 means all NTP servers on the same node as
the sender.
FF01:、0:、0:0:0、:、0:0:43、送付者と同じノードの上のすべてのNTPサーバを意味します。
FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:43 means all NTP servers on the same link as
the sender.
FF02:、0:、0:0:0、:、0:0:43、送付者と同じリンクの上のすべてのNTPサーバを意味します。
FF05:0:0:0:0:0:0:43 means all NTP servers at the same site as
the sender.
FF05:、0:、0:0:0、:、0:0:43、送付者と同じサイトのすべてのNTPサーバを意味します。
FF0E:0:0:0:0:0:0:43 means all NTP servers in the internet.
FF0E:、0:、0:0:0、:、0:0:43、インターネットにおけるすべてのNTPサーバを意味します。
Non-permanently-assigned multicast addresses are meaningful only within a given scope. For example, a group identified by the non- permanent, site-local multicast address FF15:0:0:0:0:0:0:43 at one site bears no relationship to a group using the same address at a different site, nor to a non-permanent group using the same group ID with different scope, nor to a permanent group with the same group ID.
非永久に割り当てられたマルチキャストアドレスは与えられた範囲だけの中で重要です。 例えば、非永久的で、サイト地方のマルチキャストによって特定されたグループはFF15を扱います:、0:、0:0:0、:、0:0:43、サイトは、1時に同じグループIDと共に異なった範囲と、永久的なグループへの同じグループIDを使用しながら、異なったサイトにおいて非永久的なグループに同じアドレスを使用することでグループとの関係を全く産出しません。
Multicast addresses must not be used as source addresses in IPv6 datagrams or appear in any routing header.
マルチキャストアドレスは、ソースアドレスとしてIPv6データグラムで使用されてはいけませんし、またどんなルーティングヘッダーにも現れてはいけません。
2.6.1 Pre-Defined Multicast Addresses
2.6.1 事前に定義されたマルチキャストアドレス
The following well-known multicast addresses are pre-defined:
以下のよく知られるマルチキャストアドレスは事前に定義されます:
Reserved Multicast Addresses: FF00:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF01:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF03:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF04:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF05:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF06:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
予約されたマルチキャストアドレス: FF00:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 FF01:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 FF03:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 FF04:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 FF05:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 FF06:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
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FF07:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF08:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF09:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF0A:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF0B:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF0C:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF0D:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF0E:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF0F:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF07:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 FF08:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 FF09:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 FF0A:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 FF0B:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 FF0C:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 FF0D:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 FF0E:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 FF0F:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
The above multicast addresses are reserved and shall never be assigned to any multicast group.
上のマルチキャストアドレスは、予約されていて、どんなマルチキャストグループにも決して配属されないものとします。
All Nodes Addresses: FF01:0:0:0:0:0:0:1
FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:1
すべてのノードアドレス: FF01:、0:、0:0:0、:、0:0:1、FF02:、0:、0:0:0、:、0:0:1
The above multicast addresses identify the group of all IPv6 nodes, within scope 1 (node-local) or 2 (link-local).
上のマルチキャストアドレスは範囲1(ノード地方の)か2(リンク地方の)の中ですべてのIPv6ノードのグループを特定します。
All Routers Addresses: FF01:0:0:0:0:0:0:2
FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:2
すべてのルータアドレス: FF01:、0:、0:0:0、:、0:0:2、FF02:、0:、0:0:0、:、0:0:2
The above multicast addresses identify the group of all IPv6 routers, within scope 1 (node-local) or 2 (link-local).
上のマルチキャストアドレスは範囲1(ノード地方の)か2(リンク地方の)の中ですべてのIPv6ルータのグループを特定します。
DHCP Server/Relay-Agent: FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:C
DHCPサーバ/中継エージェント: FF02: 0:0:0:0:0:0:C
The above multicast addresses identify the group of all IPv6 DHCP Servers and Relay Agents within scope 2 (link-local).
上のマルチキャストアドレスは範囲2の中で(リンク地方)ですべてのIPv6 DHCP ServersとRelayエージェントのグループを特定します。
Solicited-Node Address: FF02:0:0:0:0:1:XXXX:XXXX
請求されたノードアドレス: FF02: 0:0:0:0:1:XXXX:XXXX
The above multicast address is computed as a function of a node's unicast and anycast addresses. The solicited-node multicast address is formed by taking the low-order 32 bits of the address (unicast or anycast) and appending those bits to the 96-bit prefix FF02:0:0:0:0:1 resulting in a multicast address in the range
上のマルチキャストアドレスはノードのユニキャストとanycastアドレスの機能として計算されます。 請求されたノードマルチキャストアドレスはアドレス(ユニキャストかanycast)の下位の32ビット取って、96ビットの接頭語FF02にそれらのビットを追加することによって、形成されます:、0:0:1、0:0:範囲でマルチキャストアドレスをもたらすこと。
FF02:0:0:0:0:1:0000:0000
FF02: 0:0:0:0:1:0000:0000
to
to
FF02:0:0:0:0:1:FFFF:FFFF
FF02: 0:0:0:0:1:FFFF:FFFF
For example, the solicited node multicast address corresponding to the IPv6 address 4037::01:800:200E:8C6C is FF02::1:200E:8C6C. IPv6 addresses that differ only in the high-order bits, e.g., due to multiple high-order prefixes associated with different providers,
例えば、IPv6アドレス4037に対応する請求されたノードマルチキャストアドレス:、:01:800:200E: 8C6CはFF02です:、:1:200E: 8C6C。 異なるIPv6アドレスは例えば、高位のビットだけ、複数の高位接頭語のため異なったプロバイダーと交際しました。
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will map to the same solicited-node address thereby reducing the number of multicast addresses a node must join.
その結果ノードが接合しなければならないマルチキャストアドレスの数を減少させる同じ請求されたノードアドレスに写像するでしょう。
A node is required to compute and support a Solicited-Node multicast addresses for every unicast and anycast address it is assigned.
ノードが計算するのに必要です、そして、あらゆるユニキャストとanycastがそれを扱うので、Solicited-ノードマルチキャストが扱うサポートは割り当てられます。
2.7 A Node's Required Addresses
2.7 ノードの必要なアドレス
A host is required to recognize the following addresses as identifying itself:
ホストがそれ自体を特定すると以下のアドレスを認識するのに必要です:
o Its Link-Local Address for each interface
o Assigned Unicast Addresses
o Loopback Address
o All-Nodes Multicast Address
o Solicited-Node Multicast Address for each of its assigned
unicast and anycast addresses
o Multicast Addresses of all other groups which the host belongs.
o それぞれの割り当てられたユニキャストと他のanycastアドレスo Multicast Addressesのためのそれぞれのインタフェースo Assigned Unicast Addresses o Loopback Address o All-ノードMulticast Address o Solicited-ノードMulticast AddressのためのLink地方のAddressはどれを分類するか。ホストは属します。
A router is required to recognize the following addresses as identifying itself:
ルータがそれ自体を特定すると以下のアドレスを認識するのに必要です:
o Its Link-Local Address for each interface
o Assigned Unicast Addresses
o Loopback Address
o The Subnet-Router anycast addresses for the links it has
interfaces.
o All other Anycast addresses with which the router has been
configured.
o All-Nodes Multicast Address
o All-Router Multicast Address
o Solicited-Node Multicast Address for each of its assigned
unicast and anycast addresses
o Multicast Addresses of all other groups which the router
belongs.
o Subnet-ルータanycastがそれが持っているリンクに扱う各インタフェースo Assigned Unicast Addresses o Loopback Address oへのLink地方のAddressは連結します。他のAnycastがルータをルータが持っている構成されて、それぞれの割り当てられたユニキャストと他のanycastアドレスo Multicast Addressesのための. o All-ノードMulticast Address o All-ルータMulticast Address o Solicited-ノードMulticast Addressがどれを分類するかということであったもので扱うo Allは属します。
The only address prefixes which should be predefined in an implementation are the:
実装に事前に定義されるべきである唯一のアドレス接頭語がそうである、:
o Unspecified Address
o Loopback Address
o Multicast Prefix (FF)
o Local-Use Prefixes (Link-Local and Site-Local)
o Pre-Defined Multicast Addresses
o IPv4-Compatible Prefixes
o 不特定のAddressのo Loopback Address o Multicast Prefix(FF)o Local-使用のPrefixes(リンク地方の、そして、Site地方の)のo Preによって定義されたMulticast Addresses o IPv4コンパチブルPrefixes
Implementations should assume all other addresses are unicast unless specifically configured (e.g., anycast addresses).
実装は、明確に構成されない場合(例えば、anycastアドレス)他のすべてのアドレスがユニキャストであると仮定するべきです。
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REFERENCES
参照
[ALLOC] Rekhter, Y., and T. Li, "An Architecture for IPv6 Unicast
Address Allocation", RFC 1887, cisco Systems, December
1995.
[ALLOC] Rekhter、Y.、およびT.李、「IPv6ユニキャストアドレス配分のためのアーキテクチャ」、RFC1887、コクチマスSystems、1995年12月。
[ANYCST] Partridge, C., Mendez, T., and W. Milliken, "Host
Anycasting Service", RFC 1546, BBN, November 1993.
[ANYCST] ヤマウズラとC.とメンデス、T.とW.ミリケン、「ホストAnycastingサービス」、RFC1546、BBN、1993年11月。
[CIDR] Fuller, V., Li, T., Varadhan, K., and J. Yu, "Supernetting:
an Address Assignment and Aggregation Strategy", RFC 1338,
BARRNet, cisco, Merit, OARnet, June 1992.
[CIDR] フラー、V.、李、T.、Varadhan、K.、およびJ.ユー、「スーパーネッティング:」 「Address AssignmentとAggregation Strategy」、RFC1338、BARRNet、コクチマス、Merit、OARnet、6月1992日
[IPV6] Deering, S., and R. Hinden, Editors, "Internet Protocol,
Version 6 (IPv6) Specification", RFC 1883, Xerox PARC,
Ipsilon Networks, December 1995.
[IPV6] デアリング、S.とR.Hinden、エディターズ、「インターネットプロトコル、バージョン6(IPv6)仕様」RFC1883、ゼロックスPARC、Ipsilonネットワーク、1995年12月
[MULT] Deering, S., "Host Extensions for IP multicasting", STD 5,
RFC 1112, Stanford University, August 1989.
[MULT]デアリング、S.、STD5、RFC1112、スタンフォード大学の「IPマルチキャスティングのためのホストExtensions」1989年8月。
[NSAP] Carpenter, B., Editor, "Mechanisms for OSIN SAPs, CLNP and
TP over IPv6", Work in Progress.
[NSAP] 大工、B.、エディタ、「IPv6"、進行中の仕事の上のOSIN体液、CLNP、およびTPのためのメカニズム。」
SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS
セキュリティ問題
Security issues are not discussed in this document.
本書では安全保障問題について議論しません。
DOCUMENT EDITOR'S ADDRESSES
ドキュメントエディタのアドレス
Robert M. Hinden Stephen E. Deering Ipsilon Networks, Inc. Xerox Palo Alto Research Center 2191 E. Bayshore Road, Suite 100 3333 Coyote Hill Road Palo Alto, CA 94303 Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA USA
ロバートM.HindenスティーブンE.デアリングIpsilonはInc.ゼロックスパロアルト研究センター2191E.Bayshore道路、94303パロアルト、スイート100 3333コヨーテヒル道路パロアルト(カリフォルニア)カリフォルニア94304米国米国をネットワークでつなぎます。
Phone: +1 415 846 4604 Phone: +1 415 812 4839 Fax: +1 415 855 1414 Fax: +1 415 812 4471 EMail: hinden@ipsilon.com EMail: deering@parc.xerox.com
以下に電話をしてください。 +1 4604が電話をする415 846: +1 415 812、4839Fax: +1 415 855、1414Fax: +1 4471年の415 812メール: hinden@ipsilon.com メール: deering@parc.xerox.com
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